Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	9
Number of observations	440
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	31.1 KiB
Average record size in memory	72.3 B

Variable types

NUM	7
CAT	2

Warnings

`Detergents_Paper` is highly correlated with `Grocery`	High correlation
`Grocery` is highly correlated with `Detergents_Paper`	High correlation
`Buyer/Spender` has unique values	Unique

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-09-11 02:28:43.076601
Analysis finished	2020-09-11 02:28:51.241504
Duration	8.16 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

Buyer/Spender
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	440
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	220.5
Minimum	1
Maximum	440
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	22.95
Q1	110.75
median	220.5
Q3	330.25
95-th percentile	418.05
Maximum	440
Range	439
Interquartile range (IQR)	219.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	127.1613149
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5766953055
Kurtosis	-1.2
Mean	220.5
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	110
Skewness	0
Sum	97020
Variance	16170
Monotocity	Strictly increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
440	1	0.2%
151	1	0.2%
140	1	0.2%
141	1	0.2%
142	1	0.2%
143	1	0.2%
144	1	0.2%
145	1	0.2%
146	1	0.2%
147	1	0.2%
Other values (430)	430	97.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.2%
2	1	0.2%
3	1	0.2%
4	1	0.2%
5	1	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
440	1	0.2%
439	1	0.2%
438	1	0.2%
437	1	0.2%
436	1	0.2%

Channel
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Hotel	298
Retail	142

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Hotel	298	67.7%
Retail	142	32.3%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	6
Median length	5
Mean length	5.322727273
Min length	5

Region
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Other	316
Lisbon	77
Oporto	47

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Other	316	71.8%
Lisbon	77	17.5%
Oporto	47	10.7%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	6
Median length	5
Mean length	5.281818182
Min length	5

Fresh
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	433
Distinct (%)	98.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	12000.29773
Minimum	3
Maximum	112151
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	401.9
Q1	3127.75
median	8504
Q3	16933.75
95-th percentile	36818.5
Maximum	112151
Range	112148
Interquartile range (IQR)	13806

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12647.32887
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.053917924
Kurtosis	11.53640849
Mean	12000.29773
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5919.5
Skewness	2.561322752
Sum	5280131
Variance	159954927.4
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9670	2	0.5%
3	2	0.5%
8040	2	0.5%
514	2	0.5%
18044	2	0.5%
3366	2	0.5%
7149	2	0.5%
1420	1	0.2%
4456	1	0.2%
13134	1	0.2%
Other values (423)	423	96.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	2	0.5%
9	1	0.2%
18	1	0.2%
23	1	0.2%
37	1	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
112151	1	0.2%
76237	1	0.2%
68951	1	0.2%
56159	1	0.2%
56083	1	0.2%

Milk
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	421
Distinct (%)	95.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5796.265909
Minimum	55
Maximum	73498
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	55
5-th percentile	593.75
Q1	1533
median	3627
Q3	7190.25
95-th percentile	16843.4
Maximum	73498
Range	73443
Interquartile range (IQR)	5657.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7380.377175
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.273298584
Kurtosis	24.66939775
Mean	5796.265909
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2460
Skewness	4.053754849
Sum	2550357
Variance	54469967.24
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1897	2	0.5%
5139	2	0.5%
659	2	0.5%
829	2	0.5%
944	2	0.5%
2884	2	0.5%
3880	2	0.5%
1032	2	0.5%
577	2	0.5%
3199	2	0.5%
Other values (411)	420	95.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
55	1	0.2%
112	1	0.2%
134	1	0.2%
201	1	0.2%
254	1	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
73498	1	0.2%
54259	1	0.2%
46197	1	0.2%
43950	1	0.2%
38369	1	0.2%

Grocery
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	430
Distinct (%)	97.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	7951.277273
Minimum	3
Maximum	92780
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	851.45
Q1	2153
median	4755.5
Q3	10655.75
95-th percentile	24033.5
Maximum	92780
Range	92777
Interquartile range (IQR)	8502.75

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	9503.162829
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.195174373
Kurtosis	20.91467039
Mean	7951.277273
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3093.5
Skewness	3.58742869
Sum	3498562
Variance	90310103.75
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1664	2	0.5%
2405	2	0.5%
1493	2	0.5%
1563	2	0.5%
3600	2	0.5%
683	2	0.5%
2406	2	0.5%
6536	2	0.5%
10391	2	0.5%
2062	2	0.5%
Other values (420)	420	95.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	1	0.2%
137	1	0.2%
218	1	0.2%
223	1	0.2%
245	1	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
92780	1	0.2%
67298	1	0.2%
59598	1	0.2%
55571	1	0.2%
45828	1	0.2%

Frozen
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	426
Distinct (%)	96.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3071.931818
Minimum	25
Maximum	60869
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	25
5-th percentile	136.85
Q1	742.25
median	1526
Q3	3554.25
95-th percentile	9930.75
Maximum	60869
Range	60844
Interquartile range (IQR)	2812

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4854.673333
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.580332384
Kurtosis	54.6892807
Mean	3071.931818
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1084.5
Skewness	5.907985692
Sum	1351650
Variance	23567853.17
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
744	2	0.5%
779	2	0.5%
1619	2	0.5%
364	2	0.5%
848	2	0.5%
4324	2	0.5%
937	2	0.5%
830	2	0.5%
2540	2	0.5%
402	2	0.5%
Other values (416)	420	95.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
25	1	0.2%
33	1	0.2%
36	1	0.2%
38	1	0.2%
42	1	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
60869	1	0.2%
36534	1	0.2%
35009	1	0.2%
18711	1	0.2%
18028	1	0.2%

Detergents_Paper
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	417
Distinct (%)	94.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2881.493182
Minimum	3
Maximum	40827
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	63.7
Q1	256.75
median	816.5
Q3	3922
95-th percentile	12043.2
Maximum	40827
Range	40824
Interquartile range (IQR)	3665.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4767.854448
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.654647139
Kurtosis	19.00946434
Mean	2881.493182
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	715.5
Skewness	3.631850631
Sum	1267857
Variance	22732436.04
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
227	2	0.5%
311	2	0.5%
118	2	0.5%
811	2	0.5%
788	2	0.5%
153	2	0.5%
96	2	0.5%
93	2	0.5%
284	2	0.5%
955	2	0.5%
Other values (407)	420	95.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	2	0.5%
5	1	0.2%
7	1	0.2%
9	1	0.2%
10	1	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
40827	1	0.2%
38102	1	0.2%
26701	1	0.2%
24231	1	0.2%
24171	1	0.2%

Delicatessen
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	403
Distinct (%)	91.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1524.870455
Minimum	3
Maximum	47943
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	63.95
Q1	408.25
median	965.5
Q3	1820.25
95-th percentile	4485.4
Maximum	47943
Range	47940
Interquartile range (IQR)	1412

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2820.105937
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.849406898
Kurtosis	170.6949393
Mean	1524.870455
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	637.5
Skewness	11.15158648
Sum	670943
Variance	7952997.498
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
834	4	0.9%
3	4	0.9%
548	3	0.7%
1215	3	0.7%
395	3	0.7%
610	3	0.7%
290	2	0.5%
379	2	0.5%
46	2	0.5%
750	2	0.5%
Other values (393)	412	93.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	4	0.9%
7	1	0.2%
8	1	0.2%
11	1	0.2%
18	2	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
47943	1	0.2%
16523	1	0.2%
14472	1	0.2%
14351	1	0.2%
8550	1	0.2%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	Buyer/Spender	Channel	Region	Fresh	Milk	Grocery	Frozen	Detergents_Paper	Delicatessen
0	1	Retail	Other	12669	9656	7561	214	2674	1338
1	2	Retail	Other	7057	9810	9568	1762	3293	1776
2	3	Retail	Other	6353	8808	7684	2405	3516	7844
3	4	Hotel	Other	13265	1196	4221	6404	507	1788
4	5	Retail	Other	22615	5410	7198	3915	1777	5185
5	6	Retail	Other	9413	8259	5126	666	1795	1451
6	7	Retail	Other	12126	3199	6975	480	3140	545
7	8	Retail	Other	7579	4956	9426	1669	3321	2566
8	9	Hotel	Other	5963	3648	6192	425	1716	750
9	10	Retail	Other	6006	11093	18881	1159	7425	2098

Last rows

	Buyer/Spender	Channel	Region	Fresh	Milk	Grocery	Frozen	Detergents_Paper	Delicatessen
430	431	Hotel	Other	3097	4230	16483	575	241	2080
431	432	Hotel	Other	8533	5506	5160	13486	1377	1498
432	433	Hotel	Other	21117	1162	4754	269	1328	395
433	434	Hotel	Other	1982	3218	1493	1541	356	1449
434	435	Hotel	Other	16731	3922	7994	688	2371	838
435	436	Hotel	Other	29703	12051	16027	13135	182	2204
436	437	Hotel	Other	39228	1431	764	4510	93	2346
437	438	Retail	Other	14531	15488	30243	437	14841	1867
438	439	Hotel	Other	10290	1981	2232	1038	168	2125
439	440	Hotel	Other	2787	1698	2510	65	477	52

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows